A controlled-release fertilizer is a nutrient source (often urea or sulfate of potash) coated by a polymer layer, regulating gradual nutrient release into the soil. This specialized coating ensures controlled dissolution of nutrients while allowing gradual outward flow through the polymer. Factors like temperature and soil moisture influence release rates. These fertilizers can vary in coated thickness to provide nutrients to plants over weeks to months, reducing application frequency compared to conventional fertilizers. Controlled - release fertilizers enhance nutrient efficiency, minimized leaching, and improve turf and ornamental quality. Polymer-coated controlled-release fertilizers are pivotal in agriculture, horticulture, and landscaping, offering a balanced and efficient approach to plant nutrition and soil fertility management.